This paper proposes the following recommendations to address the adverse effects of climate change in the ASEAN: decarbonising the ASEAN by accelerating decarbonisation by 2030; promoting market reforms to enable fair and open competition for energy generation; committing to no more new coal and introducing comparable support for renewable energy; and ensuring a human-centered energy transition in the ASEAN toward a community-focused, equal sharing of benefits and risks and the empowerment of community-owned energy systems.
Manganese mining is one of the key elements for innovative development of renewable energy. While low-carbon energy innovations are certainly needed, the sustainability aspects of mining must be taken into account in the search for raw materials. However, existing mining operations are alarming due to their social and environmental impacts.
